Steel is a key raw material for many sectors of the economy, including construction, transport and the machinery industry. In 2023, 71 countries produced 1.89 billion tons of steel, and its consumption amounted to 1.763 billion tons. At the same time, the steel industry is responsible for about 7% of global greenhouse gas emissions and 11% of CO₂ emissions. The dominant production technology is the blast furnace process (BF-BOF), which requires the use of coal, and the less emission-intensive electric arc furnace (EAF) method, which uses scrap and electricity. The growing demand for steel forces the search for low-emission production methods. Currently, research focuses on the intelligent use of coal (e.g. PCI method) and CO₂ capture technologies (CCUS), but their full commercialization requires further development. This paper attempts to assess the technological maturity of modern (low emission) steel production methods and the possibilities of their effective application. The idea of decarbonization requires avoiding coal. It is believed that ultimately the best method will be direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen. To achieve the required effect of decarbonization of the production process, the most important method of steel production will be the use of hydrogen obtained from renewable energy sources.