Effect of enhanced ultraviolet solar radiation on acceleration of contaminated water disinfection
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Department of Architectural Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Department of Water Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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Graduate Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
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Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
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Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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Department of Civil Engineering, Tafila Technical University, P.O. Box 179, Tafila 66110, Jordan
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Department of Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an 71111, Jordan
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Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mutah University, Mutah, Karak 61710, Jordan
Publication date: 2026-04-13
Corresponding author
Madhar Haddad
Department of Architectural Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J. 2026; 20(7)
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ABSTRACT
Significant water scarcity in the Middle East severely restricts resources for both domestic and agricultural sectors. Although reclaimed wastewater is currently mostly used for agricultural purposes, increasing the supply of clean, drinkable water is crucial. This study offers a practical method of using ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation to purify and disinfect water. To evaluate the effectiveness of this sustainable approach in generating high-quality, drinkable water. Wastewater samples from the South Amman Water Authority and spring water from Yajooz were exposed to solar disinfection treatments utilizing Concave mirror and without concave mirror. Tests showed that turbidity and electrical conductivity were improved, and that concentration of total dissolved solids was decreased. In addition, total coliform, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa decreased in all water samples with time of exposure to solar radiation. In addition to physical/chemical/microbial properties of treated wastewater, and treated spring water were also improved through exposure to enhanced UV of solar radiation. In comparison to the control group, the use of a concave mirror led to consistently lower final microbial counts and higher water temperatures (up to 39°C). The resulting microbial levels were well within the regulatory limits for both restricted and unrestricted agricultural irrigation (JS 893/2021), even though the treatment did not completely eliminate all pathogens needed for drinking water under Jordanian standards (JS 286/2015). These results imply that, in water-scarce areas, solar intensification with concave mirrors is a very efficient and sustainable method of treating wastewater for safe irrigation reuse. In addition, this study shows effectiveness of a low-cost, low-tech, and basic design for solar water disinfection (SODIS) that employs mirror reflectors.