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Cascaded detection and classification for annotation-efficient fine-grained brand recognition in video
 
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1
Mackenzie Presbyterian University - Rua da Consolação, 930, São Paulo, SP, 01302-907, Brazil.
 
2
Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia - Praça Mauá, 1, São Caetano do Sul, SP, 09580-900, Brazil.
 
 
Corresponding author
Rafael Colen de Almeida   

Mackenzie Presbyterian University - Rua da Consolação, 930, São Paulo, SP, 01302-907, Brazil.
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT
Fine-grained brand recognition in unstructured video faces high bounding box annotation costs and vulnerability to false positives. This article proposes and evaluates an annotation-efficient cascade architecture for Fine-Grained Visual Categorization (FGVC) in video. The approach couples a generalist detector (YOLO26) for product superclass localization with a specialist classifier (YOLO26-cls) for brand identification over the crops produced by the detector. We compared this cascade model against a single-stage detector under frame-by-frame validation, using 7,070 smartwatch images (Apple, Garmin, and Samsung) from 88 YouTube videos and five superclasses from the public Video E-commerce Retrieval Dataset (VERD). The cascade architecture reduced fine-grained dataset preparation time by approximately 22 times by eliminating manual bounding box annotation. While robustness to false positives proved to be a brand-dependent trade-off, the cascade maintained near-real-time processing throughput. Ultimately, the method's annotation efficiency and capacity for incremental expansion support its viability for video-based retail intelligence applications.
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