The present work deals with the enhancement of the surface characteristics of stainless steel 316L as a result of shot peening treatment using ceramic balls. In accordance with our own research and information available in literature, as a result of shot peening process, the shot balls can penetrate to the surface layer (permanently depositing) and modify the mechanical performance and the corrosion resistance in the products being treated in this way. Shot peening leads to a significant change to the surface hardness and topography, and consequently, to the change in corrosion behaviour dependent on the choice of processing parameters. Therefore, in this paper, steel samples were treated using two variable parameters of peening pressure (0.3 and 0.4 MPa) and peening time (30 and 60s). In the research, the reference surface were the samples subjected to mechanical polishing. The surface morphology of the samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed with 1 mV/s scan rate in 0.9% NalCl solution. The improved corrosion resistance (lowest current density Icorr=0.35µA/cm2 and highest corrosion potential Ecorr=-0.164V) was obtained for specimens with longer time (60s) and higher pressure of shot peening treatment (0.4MPa). Greater changes in surface roughness were observed with an increase in peening pressure than with an increase in the processing time. The treatment of the surface with ceramic shots results in an increase in the hardness of the treated surface by more than 110% (for sample 316L/0.4/60) compared to the reference surface. Moreover, an increase in average hardness values was recorded for all surfaces after shot peening (by more than 42% relative to reference samples).