Pipeline corrosion remains a critical challenge affecting the reliability, safety, and sustainability of energy transport systems. Conventional corrosion inhibitors, although effective, often pose severe environmental and health risks due to their toxicity and poor biodegradability. In recent years, extensive research has focused on developing environmentally friendly green corrosion inhibitors (GCIs) derived from natural plant extracts, biopolymers, amino acids, and biomass derivatives as sustainable alternatives. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms, efficiency, and industrial applicability of GCIs in mitigating corrosion under pipeline-relevant conditions. Emphasis is placed on adsorption phenomena, film-forming behavior, and synergistic interactions between natural molecules and metallic surfaces. Furthermore, the review discusses the integration of computational modeling, nanotechnology, and smart release systems to enhance inhibitor stability and efficiency under harsh conditions such as CO₂/H₂S environments and high flow rates. Emerging trends include the coupling of green inhibitors with real-time corrosion monitoring, machine learning prediction models, and digital twin frameworks to enable adaptive, intelligent corrosion management. The review concludes that the transition from laboratory research to large-scale industrial implementation requires standardized evaluation protocols, life-cycle assessments, and collaborative efforts among academia, industry, and regulatory bodies. Overall, green corrosion inhibitors represent a promising and sustainable path toward achieving safe, efficient, and environmentally compliant corrosion protection in modern pipeline systems.