The planned Central Transport Hub (pol. Centralny Port Komunikacyjny – CPK) is a response to the dynamic increase in the number of air transport operations in Poland and in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Like any other airport in the world, the modern international hub will operate in a local environment. Its surroundings will undoubtedly exert an impact on the air traffic using the airport. Hence, the aim of this article is to analyse the surroundings on the ground and in the airspace. As part of the study, the topography and land use in the immediate and wider surroundings of the CPK were analysed, the main obstacles for landing and taking off aircraft were determined, and the airspace structure of this region of Poland was characterised. Based on the research carried out, it can be concluded that the surroundings of Poland’s future largest airport are conducive to its uninterrupted and efficient operation on a 24/7/365 basis. The lack of major obstacles (both on the ground and in the airspace), which is particularly noticeable to the east and south of the CPK, favours the flexible adaptation of navigation procedures in such a manner that maintains a balance between efficient and economical traffic flow of aircraft and the environmental impact of air transport. The least design freedom is expected in the eastern and northeastern directions. At this point, it is important to pay attention to highly urbanised areas, restricted airspace zones, and strict nature reserves. Nevertheless, it is entirely possible to connect the CPK to the country’s airway network in these directions. To summarise all the aspects mentioned, it can be concluded that the surroundings of the CPK will not have a negative impact on the future functioning and implementation of the strategic objectives of the airport component of the project. It is possible to implement a sustainable transport development strategy that involves minimising the negative impact of aircraft traffic operating from the CPK while ensuring its cost-effectiveness, ergonomics and safety.