Enhancing lighting intensity while reducing costs is a primary focus. Lamp illumination has been refined by adjusting halide concentrations and pinpointing optimal thermal zones for maximum brightness. Arc discharge, particularly in high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, plays a pivotal role in lighting technology and system upgrades. This study delves into the plasma processes of the ionization layers near the cathode surface, where we noticed that as the temperature increases, both ( T_e,∆_A,Ø_b) increase, also, notice an increase in the voltage barrier as a result of the collision between the electrons that leads to a loss of energy, and this leads to a decrease in the current density as a result of the high energy gap. That is, the value of the work function increases As a result of the increase in the energy of the electrons, which plays a major role in the processes of ionization and excitation, this is reflected in an increase in the temperature of the electron and a decrease in the voltage, especially at a voltage of 20 V, meaning that increasing the voltage difference from (10 to 20) V leads to a significant decrease in the voltage barrier, especially at temperatures greater than (Tw=3800 K), and this leads to increase the temperature of the electron as a result of increasing the energy of the electrons so, at low temperatures, we notice that the effective work function increases in both cases (10.20) V with the decrease in the potential difference of the plasma layers at the cathode surface proximity, and it has a maximum value at 20V. The difference in concentration plays a crucial part in increasing the temperature and decreasing the voltage barrier with the difference in the applied voltage