Experimental Assessment of RFID and IEEE 802.15.4 Physical-Layer Performance for Radio Positioning and Data Transmission in Facilities Equipped with Ballistic Shields and Anti-Ricochet Linings
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
2
SilSense Technologies S.A., Łużycka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
3
Department of Electronics, Electrical Engineering, and Microelectronics, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Autor do korespondencji
Damian Bereska
Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
The implementation of precise positioning and communication systems intended for advanced combat simulators encounters limitations associated in particular with the presence of specialized construction materials affecting radio wave propagation. These include, most notably, steel ballistic shields and polymer-rubber anti-ricochet linings. This article presents the results of comprehensive experimental research aimed at verifying the feasibility of using RFID technology in the HF (13.56 MHz) and UHF (866 MHz) bands for localization, as well as the IEEE 802.15.4 standard (2.4 GHz) for data transmission in such an environment. The analysis encompasses an assessment of range, the effect of tag orientation changes, and system power consumption, and - constituting a key aspect of this work - a quantitative investigation of the impact of the two most commonly used types of anti-ricochet linings (with thicknesses of 44 mm and 47 mm, characterized as lossy dielectrics) on the performance of radio systems, with particular emphasis on near-field phenomena. This work provides quantitative data on the insertion loss of the investigated materials and on the two-port impedance parameters (Z11, Z22, Z12) that describe the near-field coupling between antennas separated by the lining, together with concepts for dedicated power supply systems. The main novelty lies in the first systematic, single-campaign characterization of how anti-ricochet linings modify near-field coupling and insertion loss across the HF, UHF, and 2.4 GHz bands used simultaneously in such facilities. The results contribute to the understanding of the limitations and possibilities of implementing radio systems in demanding indoor environments and may serve as a basis for designing integrated radio systems intended for advanced combat simulators.