The aim of this article is to compare the modulus of elasticity recommended in the standards and the results of tests of the modulus of elasticity of normal and high performance concretes with various coarse aggregates. The results of tests of the modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of concrete with a wide range of w/c ratio from 0.70 to 0.28 made with 10 types of coarse aggregates made of igneous rocks (basalt, granite, granodiorite from Polish and Ukrainian mines) and sedimentary rocks (dolomite, quartzite, gravel). Concrete CEM I 42.5R and fine natural aggregate (quartz sand) were used. In the compared concretes, the principle of keeping the same volume of coarse aggregate was applied. In order to determine the value of modulus of elasticity, the elastic deformation of the concrete was investigated with the use of electrofusion strain gauges. The results of own research were compared with the modulus of elasticity determined on the basis of compressive strength classes according to Eurocode 2. Inconsistencies were found between the compared values in concrete with basalt and granite aggregate, and the differences reach up to 20%. Only in the case of concretes with dolomite aggregate, compliance with the values specified in the Eurocode 2 standard was obtained. In addition, the physical and mechanical properties of the aggregates used were determined. The crushing strength is of the greatest importance, as measured by the aggregate crushing value according to British Standard BS 812 and Polish Standard PN-B-06714-40. It was found that there is a correlation between the aggregate crushing value and the modulus of elasticity of concrete, which is stronger than the correlation between the modulus and compressive strength.