The wear of cutting tools during machining is unfavorable, as it causes deterioration of the dimensional and shape accuracy of manufactured machine parts and deterioration of surface roughness. Therefore, during machining, the cooling of the tool or the entire area of the cutting zone is used. Cooling fluids are typically used to cool the cutting edge and cutting zone. However, in the case of cast iron, this cooling method is difficult to implement. This article analyzes the effectiveness and impact of the innovative air-cooling system for the carbide cutting insert of the CTGNR 2020-16 turning tool during the turning of GJL250 gray cast iron. The cooling system used in the research cooled only the lower surface of the carbide cutting insert, not the entire cutting zone. This resulted in a temperature reduction in all areas of the cutting zone. The analyses presented in this article focused primarily on understanding the impact of this cooling method on machined surface roughness, tool surface wear, and the temperature generated during cutting. Test results indicate a significant reduction in tool temperature by approximately 25% and a 22% reduction in tool wear (VBc parameter). An additional benefit was an improvement in the Ra parameter of machined surface roughness by approximately 5.5%. Furthermore, the air cooling system is environmentally friendly and does not introduce any pollutants into the environment.