The integration of nanomaterials and industrial waste into electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites represents a promising pathway towards sustainable and efficient solutions for modern infrastructure challenges. This paper discusses how these materials are improving, focusing on the nanoparticles and recycled industrial waste that enable them to improve the EMI shielding. Furthermore, the critical applications of EMI shielding composites such as telecommunications, defense, and electronics are elaborated. The mechanical and microstructure properties of cement concrete and mortar based EMI composites are explained in detail. The paper also examines the challenges of producing these materials on a bigger scale and at a reduced cost, as well as the possibilities for future developments. Eventually, this work contributes to the development of high-performing EMI composites that is developed using ecologically friendly materials by minimizing waste which supports sustainable construction.