This study conducts a detailed investigation into the impact of chemical corrosion on the mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels 304L and 316L, widely utilized in medical devices. The materials were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for a duration of five months to replicate physiological conditions. Corrosion progression was assessed through mass loss measurements, while mechanical deterioration was analyzed via tensile testing carried out before and after exposure. Statistical methods were employed to ensure the validity of the findings The results revealed that 316L stainless steel exhibited greater corrosion resistance and better preservation of mechanical integrity compared to 304L. The reduction in mechanical properties after corrosion exposure was lower for 316L stainless steel compared to 304L stainless steel, amounting to 7.1% in yield strength and 4.8% in tensile strength, whereas for 304L stainless steel the corresponding reductions were 10.8% and 8.8%, respectively. Drawing upon the obtained results, this study offers evidence-based recommendations for the selection of implant materials that exhibit superior long-term performance and structural stability under simulated physiological conditions.