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Sustainable Superhydrophobic Composite Nanofiber Membranes for Desalination via Air Gap Membrane Distillation
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Chemical Engineering Department, University of Baghdad
 
 
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Basma Waisi   

Chemical Engineering Department, University of Baghdad
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT
Super-hydrophobic nanofiber membranes have recently demonstrated significant potential as desirable approaches for membrane distillation and are favored because of their high vapor flux and remarkable salt rejection capabilities. This paper presents the design and testing of electrospun nanofiber membranes developed from recycled acrylic combined with different silica nanoparticle concentrations, namely (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt.%), to be used in high-salinity brine desalination using air gap membrane distillation. The use of recycled acrylic provides a sustainable, eco-friendly, and low-cost alternative to conventional petroleum-based polymers. The incorporation of silica nanoparticles led to a decline in both fiber diameter and pore size, as well as an increase in surface hydrophobicity. For the composite RA/3 wt.% silica membrane, the water contact angle reached 138 ± 2°. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the RP and verify the incorporation of silica. The membrane's peak performance in the MD system was observed across a range of feed temperatures (45 - 65°C), flow rates of 0.2 to 0.4L/min, and NaCl concentrations (35 - 140 g/L). Its higher temperatures and flow rates corresponded to higher permeate flux. However, as the concentration of salt increased, the vapor pressure decreased, the concentration polarization became more serious, and the permeate flux decreased. Best performance was at 65 ºC and 0.3 L/min, in which the maximum flux of 9.5 kg/m²h and salt rejection > 99.999% were obtained. These results indicate that the RA-based superhydrophobic silica composite membranes could be a potential green and low-cost candidate for sustainable desalination in the AGMD process.
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