The paper presents mathematical models of cylindrical gear pairs with various types of tooth profiles, such as eccentric-cycloidal, concavo-convex Novikov type, and involute. Comparative analyses were provided for the aforementioned gear meshes, aimed at determining contact patterns, sliding velocity, and transmission errors. Tooth surface modifications were also considered. The results were compared with findings for a conventional involute gearing. It was found that the contact pattern in Novikov conformal gearing is 30% greater than in the involute gear pair, and 60% greater than in the eccentric-cycloidal gear pair. The smallest sliding velocity was obtained in Novikov gearing, which may be beneficial in terms of durability.